- Authority
- US Department of the Treasury, OFAC
- Instrument
- Executive Order 13413, as amended by EO 13671 (DRC); SDN List
- Listed
- 2019-03-21
- Scope
- Blocking of property and interests in property within US jurisdiction; US persons generally prohibited from dealing with him
- Notes
- First designated on 21 March 2019 for, in OFAC's words, 'engaging in actions or policies that undermine democratic processes or institutions in the DRC'. On 25 July 2024 OFAC also designated him 'for being a leader of AFC', which it described as seeking to overthrow the DRC government.
[1]
- Authority
- Council of the European Union
- Instrument
- Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2024/2064 implementing Decision 2010/788/CFSP (DRC), autonomous Annex II entry 35; transferred to the UN-based list by Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/2191 of 28 September 2026 (Regulation (EC) No 1183/2005: deleted from Annex Ia entry 35, added to Annex I entry 49)
- Listed
- 2024-07-26
- Scope
- Asset freeze, prohibition on making funds available, and travel ban (Articles 4 and 5 of Decision 2010/788/CFSP)
- Notes
- The EU's autonomous listing cited his leadership of AFC, its public calls for the violent overthrow of the government and its alliance with M23/ARC. After the UN listing of 14 July 2026, Implementing Regulation 2026/2191 moved his entry to the UN-based annex, recording him as leader of the AFC.
[2, 3, 4]
- Authority
- UN Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1533 (2004) concerning the DRC
- Instrument
- 1533 Sanctions List, UN ref CDi.045 (press release SC/16416)
- Listed
- 2026-07-14
- Scope
- UN measures applied to 1533 Committee listings (asset freeze and travel ban, as implemented by the UK and EU)
- Notes
- The UN entry states he 'is the leader of the Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC)', described as a politico-military movement allied with the UN-sanctioned M23/ARC. AFC was listed at the same time (CDe.010).
[5]
- Authority
- FCDO / HM Treasury OFSI
- Instrument
- Democratic Republic of the Congo sanctions regime; UK Sanctions List ref DRC0079 (designation source: UN)
- Listed
- 2026-07-17
- Scope
- Asset freeze and travel ban
- Notes
- Added on 17 July 2026 following the UN designation; the UK notice gives his position as leader of the Congo River Alliance.
[6]
Sources
- Treasury Sanctions Rebel Alliance Driving Instability in the Democratic Republic of the CongoUS Department of the Treasury, 2024-07-25, primary source
- Council Implementing Decision (CFSP) 2024/2064 implementing Decision 2010/788/CFSP (Official Journal text, Romanian)Official Journal of the EU (copy hosted by UNBR Romania), 2024-07-26, primary source
- Council Implementing Regulation (EU) 2026/2191 of 28 September 2026 implementing Regulation (EC) No 1183/2005 (DRC) - Official Journal text (Spanish), as reproduced by the Boletín Oficial del EstadoOfficial Journal of the EU (via BOE, Spain), 2026-09-28, primary source
- Council Decision 2010/788/CFSP concerning restrictive measures against the DRCEUR-Lex, 2010-12-20, primary source
- Security Council 1533 Sanctions Committee adds six individuals and two entities to its sanctions list (SC/16416)United Nations, 2026-07-14, primary source
- Sanctions Notice: Democratic Republic of Congo, 17 July 2026FCDO (gov.uk), 2026-07-17, primary source
Change history
- 2026-10-26 Record published.
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